The corresponding algorithms have been elaborated using particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm optimization (GAO) and hybrid particle swarm genetic algorithm optimization (HPSGAO). In this paper, three metaheuristic techniques have been developed to propose a safe and economic grounding system for the future power plant of Labreg situated in Khenchela City (400 km east of Algiers). It was also found that, the resistance of all grids with a compression ratio of 0.8 were lower than those with a compression ratio of 1. Results indicated that for grids with compression ratio of 0.8 and with earth rods at all conductor intersections, the grid resistance was lower than those with a compression ratio of 1.
Three grids were designed with compression ratio of 1, while the other three had a compression ratio of 0.8. In this paper, six different earth grid configurations have been used to study the effect of adding vertical earth rods to the grid periphery and at all grid conductor intersections of each configuration with the aim of reducing the overall grid resistance. Changing earth conductor dimensions such as cross sectional area and length may lower earth resistance.
However, due to variation of soil resistivity from one location to another, it is not possible to obtain the same value of low earth resistance at all locations. Results show that the use of cost function only is not sufficient to give a reasonable optimum design and the use of weight factors gives better and more realistic options for optimum design.Īchieving low earth grid resistance is highly desirable in power distribution substations design. This study was carried out on Future substation 220/22 kV located in Egypt. Genetic Algorithm (GA) utilized this function to minimize the cost of the grid and avoid over designing. These weight factors were used in conjunction with the proposed cost function to aid the search for the optimum design of the grid. The study of each of the mentioned parameters has been used to develop weight factors based on the effect of each parameter upon the grounding grid performance represented in grounding grid resistance, mesh voltage and step voltage. MATLAB software was used to design, study and analyze the whole parameters affecting the grid performance. These factors include number of horizontal conductors, cross-sectional area of these conductors, grid burial depth, number of ground rods, length of each rod and surface material thickness. A new cost function was proposed which is based on the effective factors that affect grid performance. In this paper IEEE 80-2013 was utilized to make optimum design of substation ground grid. Ground grid is installed to help detecting ground faults and assure safety of persons. Substation is the most vital part of electrical power system that should be operated continually and safely.
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